Insulin pumps are medical devices that can release insulin throughout the day as needed, replacing the need for regular injections. They are not suitable for everyone, but can make life easier and more convenient. If you have ever wondered: “How does an insulin pump work?” we are here to explain.
History of the insulin pump
The first prototype of what would evolve into the modern insulin pump was developed in the 1960’s by Dr Arnold Kadish. Through the 70’s and 80’s, researchers at Guy’s Hospital in London and the Bristol Royal Infirmary led the creation of more effective models. Today, they even come with additional smart features.
How does an insulin pump work?
An insulin pump for type 1 diabetes is a wearable medical device that can deliver insulin into your body at any time of day or night. Specifically, it constantly releases small doses of fast-acting insulin to act like the basal insulin from slow-acting insulin injections, with a button for an immediate larger dose.
A bolus calculator may extrapolate your required dose from information about your diet and blood sugar levels. You can increase, decrease or outright stop your dose as necessary.
Types of insulin pump explained
Two types of insulin pump are available. Both use a cannula, or small tube, that is inserted under the skin, usually in the stomach, upper leg or upper arm. The first type, the tubed or tethered pump, has another tube joining the cannula to the rest of the device, which may be carried in your pocket or attached to a belt. The precise arrangement of cannula/needle and tube (known as an infusion set) can vary.
Second is the tubeless patch pump or micro pump, which attaches directly onto your skin with no additional connecting tube. The device itself is handheld. One pump will last about three days, at which point you need to dispose of and replace the entire device, rather than just the infusion set.
Who can or can’t use an insulin pump explained
In general, you are most likely to be able to obtain an insulin pump for type 1 diabetes, though it may be useful for other types. Other disabilities (such as sight loss or mobility issues) may make it difficult to use a pump without assistance. Some people are also uncomfortable with the physical presence of a worn device, or find it mentally and emotionally stressful trying to navigate the technology and health data involved.
Insulin pump benefits and risks
You should be aware of both insulin pump benefits and risks. For instance, the ability to program the device and leave it to run automatically means you do not need to remember to administer regular injections, though you may still need to keep backup injections handy. Other insulin pump issues include a small infection risk and the possibility of tubing detaching or becoming blocked.
Using an insulin pump can give you more control and flexibility over your insulin doses, what you eat and when you exercise, but does require training to handle it correctly, and it can sometimes prove confusing or overwhelming. Used properly, it should mean you can more consistently maintain target blood glucose levels with fewer significant spikes or drops.
Our “the insulin pump: how it works” article should have helped you answer the question of: “how does an insulin pump work?” as well as explaining who can use an insulin pump and when it is available on the NHS. You need to understand all the insulin pump benefits and risks before you can make an informed decision over whether one would be suitable for you.
The insulin pump: how it works FAQs
Does an insulin pump mean I won’t need insulin injections?
For the most part, yes. The way that an insulin pump constantly releases fast-acting insulin means it works in the same way as slow-acting insulin delivered by periodic injections. It is still a good idea to keep a supply of injectors in a backup kit in case your pump becomes unavailable.
Can I get an insulin pump on the NHS?
Some children and adults are eligible for an insulin pump for type 1 diabetes through the NHS, but not all. If you do not qualify, or if you have type 2 diabetes, you may need to self-fund. This can be expensive, but different devices vary in cost depending on their design and features.
Can anyone with diabetes use an insulin pump?
No. It is generally only recommended for people with type 1 diabetes, but if you find the technology confusing or overwhelming, if you have a physical or cognitive disability that prevents you from using it, or if you find wearing it uncomfortable, an insulin pump may not be suitable for you.
